Efficiency of Artificial Insemination (AI) Technology in Different dairy Herd Management Systems in the Southern Highland Zone (SHZ) of Tanzania



Abstract Views
513

Downloads
355

Citations

Share

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##

Submitted Feb 4, 2022
Published Mar 14, 2022
10.24018/ejfood.2022.4.2.458

Abstract viewed = 513 times

Table of Contents

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

The objective of the study was to establish the information on the performance of Artificial Insemination (A.I) in different production systems in the Southern Highlands Zone of Tanzania. Three districts namely, Njombe, Mbeya and Mbozi were purposively selected for data collection in smallholder farms and three large scale farms of ASAS, Sao Hill and Kitulo were selected for data collection. Data from 1486 and 163 dairy cow’s records from large and smallholder farms, respectively were used and analyzed using General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of Statistical Analysis System (SAS). The overall number of services per conception (NSC) were 2.49 and 1.39 in smallholder farms and large farms, respectively. In smallholder farms, NSC was influenced by district, breed, parity, AI technician, age at first service, calving to first service Interval (CFSI) (days) and who detect heat. In large farms NSC was influenced by farm location, source of semen and effect of year. First service to conception (FSC) were 43.56% and 72.48% in smallholder farms and large farms, respectively. It was revealed that the value of NSC and FSC under smallholder farms were lower compared to recommended values, indicating inefficiency of AI performance under smallholder farmer’s conditions in SHZ of Tanzania. Contrary NSC and FSC under larger farms were good indicating that AI is efficiency under large farms in SHZ of Tanzania. Hence there is a need to train smallholder dairy farmers on heat detection and good herd management so as to improve dairy reproductive efficiency in the country.

Keywords: A.I. technician, Age at First Service, First Service to Conception, Number of Service per Conception

References

  1. (URT) (United Republic of Tanzania) 2017 Tanzania Livestock Master plan (2017-2022). Ministry of livestock and fisheries 8pp. http://www.mifugo.go.tz.
     Google Scholar
  2. Kurwijila R. L. and Omore A. Overview of Tanzania Dairy Industry. BMGF Livestock Genetics Investment Strategy Development Workshop, Arusha, Tanzania 2013; 1 pp.
     Google Scholar
  3. (FAO) Food outlook, Global market Analysis 2011; http://www.fao.org/docrep //014al.
     Google Scholar
  4. Lopez H. Satter L. and Wiltbank M. Relationship between level of milk production and oestrous behavior of lactating dairy cows. Animal reproduction science, 2004; 81:209-223.
     Google Scholar
  5. Kiwuwa G. H., Trail J. C. M., Kurtu M. Y., Worku G., Anderson F. M. and Durkin J. Crossbred Dairy Cattle Productivity in Arsi Region Ethiopia. Research Report No. 11. ILCA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 1983; 29 pp.
     Google Scholar
  6. Madalena F. E., Lemos A. M., Teodoro R. L., Barbosa R. T. and Monteiro J. B. N. Dairy production and reproduction in Holstein-Friesian and Guzera crosses. Journal of Dairy Science, 1990; 73:1872–1886.
     Google Scholar
  7. Mwatawala H.W. and Kifaro G. C. Reproduction performance of artificially and natural bred Boran heifers and cows under ranch conditions in Tanzania. Journal of Animal and plant sciences, 2009; 4(1) 267-275 from www.biosiences.elewa.org/JAPS.
     Google Scholar
  8. Tadesse M, Thiengtham J., Pinyopummin A. and Prasanpanich S. Productive and reproductive performance of Holstein Friesian dairy cows in Ethiopia. Livestock Research for Rural Development.2010 Volume 22, Article #34. Retrieved October 30, 2021, from http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd22/2/tade22034.htm.
     Google Scholar
  9. Niraj K, Alemayehu Berihu G. and Endale B. G. Reproductive performance indigenous and HF crossbred dairy cows in Gondar, Ethiopia. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 2014;(7):56 -61.
     Google Scholar
  10. Tesfaye A. Alemayehu L. Tefera Y. and Endris A. Factors affecting the reproductive performance of smallholder dairy cows in two regions of Ethiopia. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 2015;27, Article #46. From http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd27/3/tesf27046.html.
     Google Scholar
  11. Asimwe L. and Kifaro G. C. Effect of breed, season, year and parity on reproductive performance of dairy cattle under smallholder production system in Bukoba district, Tanzania. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 2007;19, Article #152 from Retrieved November 17, 2021 from http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd19/10/asim19152.htm.
     Google Scholar
  12. Muller C. J. C. Potgieter J. P. Cloete S.W.P. and Dzama K. Non-genetic factors affecting fertility traits in South African Holstein cows. South African Journal of Animal Science, 2014;44 (1):54-63.
     Google Scholar
  13. Haile A., Joshi B. K., Ayalew W., Tegegne A., Singh A. Genetic evaluation of Ethiopian Boran cattle and their crosses with Holstein Friesian in central Ethiopia: reproductive traits. Journal of Agricultural Science, 2009;147:81–89.
     Google Scholar
  14. Beyene K. Estimation of additive and non-additive genetic effects for growth, milk yield and reproduction traits of crossbred (Bostaurus x Bosindicus) cattle in the wet and dry environments in Ethiopia. Dissertation, Cornell University, USA, 1992; pp 53.
     Google Scholar
  15. Yoseph S., Tenhagen B. A., Merga B., and Tesfu K. Reproductive performance of crossbred dairy cows managed under different production systems in central highlands of Ethiopia. Journal of Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2003;35(6):551-561.
     Google Scholar
  16. Chenyambuga S. W. and Mseleko K. F. Reproductive and lactation performances of Ayrshire and Boran crossbred cattle kept in smallholder farms in Mufindi district, Tanzania. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 2009;21, Article # 100 Retrieved on November, 10, 2021 from http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd21/7/chen21100.htm.
     Google Scholar
  17. Qureshi S. H. A study on the conception rate in Kumaon hill cattle inseminated by deep frozen semen of Brown Swiss bulls. Indian Veterinary Journal, 1979;56: 37-40.
     Google Scholar
  18. Chaudry M.Z. Shah S.K. Rasul G. Shah I. H. and Farooque M.A. Production and reproduction performance of various genetic groups of crossbred cattle. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 1989;7(3):99-108.
     Google Scholar
  19. Cook J. Understanding Conception rates in dairy heads practice. British veterinary Association, In Practice, 2009;31:262-266. https://doi.org/10.1136/inpract.
     Google Scholar
  20. Upham G.L. Measuring dairy herd reproductive performance. Bovine practitioner, 1991; 26:49-56.
     Google Scholar
  21. de Kruif A. Factors influencing the fertility of a cattle population. Journal Reproductive Fertility, 1978; 54: 507-518.
     Google Scholar
  22. Moges N. Study on Reproductive Performance of Crossbred Dairy Cows under Small Holder Conditions in and Around Gondar, North Western Ethiopia. Journal of Reproduction and Infertility, 2012;3(3):38-41, 2012.
     Google Scholar
  23. Sutradhar B. Study on the productive and reproductive performances of red Chittagong cow at rural areas in Chittagong. University journal Zoological, Rajshahi University 2012;8:27-31.
     Google Scholar
  24. Ngodigha E. M., Etokeren E. and Mgbere O. Evaluation of age at First calving and Number of service per conception Traits on milk yield potential of Holstein fresian x Bunaji crossbreed cows. Research journal of animal sciences, 2009;3(1):6-9.
     Google Scholar
  25. Ali T., Lemma A. and Yilma T. Reproductive performance of dairy cows under artificial insemination in south and northwest part of Ethiopia. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 2013;25, Article #191. Retrieved November, 15, 2021, from http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd25/11/ali25191.htm.
     Google Scholar
  26. Khodaei M M, Roohani Z, Zare Z S and Moradi M. Effects of age at calving, parity, year and season on reproductive performance of dairy cattle in Tehran and Qazvin Provinces, Iran Res. Opin. Animal Veterinary Science, 2013;3(10):337-342.
     Google Scholar
  27. Lemma A. and Kebede S. The effect of mating system and herd size on reproductive performance of dairy cows in market oriented urban dairy farms in and around Addis Ababa. Revue de Médecine Vétérinaire, 2011;162(11):526-530.
     Google Scholar
  28. Schopper D., Schemer R., Weller U. and Claus R. Effect of milk yield on the fertility of dairy cows during the post partum period: Evaluation of progesterone profiles. Reproduction in domestic animals, 1993;28, 225-235.
     Google Scholar
  29. Hansen L. B. Consequences of selection for milk yield from a geneticist’s viewpoint. Journal of Dairy Science, 2000; 83:1145–1150.
     Google Scholar
  30. Lucy M. C. Reproductive loss in high-producing dairy cattle: Where will it end? Journal of Dairy Science, 2001;84:1277-1293. From http://jds.fass.org/cgi/rep rint/84/6/1277.pdf.
     Google Scholar
  31. Ojango J. M. K. and Pollot G. E. Genetics of milk yield and fertility in Holstein-Friesian cattle on large-scale Kenyan farms. Animal Science, 2001;79:1742-1750.
     Google Scholar
  32. Roth A. Genetic evaluation for female fertility in dairy cattle in the Nordic countries. ICAR Special Workshop entitled "Addressing the Decline in Reproductive Performance", Sousse Tunisia 2004.
     Google Scholar
  33. Miah A. G., Salma U. and Hossain M. Factors influencing conception rate of local and Crossbreed cows in Bangladesh. International Journal of Agriculture Biology, 2004; 6:797-801.
     Google Scholar
  34. Demeke S. Neser F.C. and Schoeman S.J. Estimates of genetic parameters for Boran, Friesian and crosses of Friesian and Jersey with the Boran cattle in the tropical highlands of Ethiopia: reproduction traits. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 2004;121: 57–65.
     Google Scholar
  35. Haile A, Joshi B. K, Ayalew W., Tegegne A, Singh A. Genetic evaluation of Ethiopian Boran cattle and their crosses with Holstein Friesian in central Ethiopia: reproductive traits. Journal of Agricultural Science, 2009; 147: 81 – 89.
     Google Scholar
  36. Gizaw K.M., Midexa T. and Eshetu S, Comparative reproductive performance of Horro (Zebu) with Horro x Friesian and Horro x Jersey females in sub humid environments of Bako. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 2021;23, Article #171. Retrieved November,3,2021 from http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd23/8/Kebe23171.htm
     Google Scholar
  37. Gebeyehu G., Belihu K. and Berihun A. Effect of parity, season and year on reproductive performance and herd life of Friesian cows at Stella private dairy farm, Ethiopia. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 2007; 19, Article #98 Retrieved December, 10,2021 http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd19/7/gosh19098.htm.
     Google Scholar
  38. Kanuye N. L. Reproductive functions and performance of postpartum dairy cows in Morogoro District; MSc. Thesis. Sokoine university of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania 1992; pp 22-28.
     Google Scholar
  39. Asimwe L. Factors influencing Breeding and Reproductive Efficiency in smallholder dairy cattle in Tanzania: A case study of Turiani Division and Bukoba district. M.sc. Thesis. Sokoine university of Agriculture Morogoro, Tanzania 2004; 80 pp. from http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd19/10/asim19152.htm.
     Google Scholar
  40. Nebel R. L. Components of a successful heat detection program 2003; Advanced documents storage/Dairy%20/ Sumbawanga%20final.pdf] site visited on 2/12/2021.
     Google Scholar
  41. Nebel R. L. and Jobst S. M. Evaluation of systematic breeding programs for lactating dairy cows: A review. Journal of Dairy Science, 1998; 81:1169-1174.
     Google Scholar
  42. Peters A. R. and Ball, P. Reproduction in Cattle 2nd Edition, Blackwell Press, Oxford, U.K 1995.
     Google Scholar
  43. Mekonnen T., Bekana M. and Abayneh T. 2010 Reproductive performance and efficiency of artificial insemination in smallholder dairy cows/heifers in and around Arsi-Negelle, Ethiopia. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 2010;22, Article #61. Retrieved fromhttp://www.Irrd.org/Irrd22/3/meko22061.htm.
     Google Scholar
  44. Bhattacharyya H, Fazili M. R. and Hafizi A. Farm Animal in rural Kashimir, Some observations, Journal of Dairying Science, 2009; 61:1-2.
     Google Scholar
  45. Tegegne A. Reproductive development and function in zebu and crossbred cattle in Ethiopia. PhD Thesis. James Cook University, Australia 1998; Pp 44.
     Google Scholar
  46. Mureda E. and Zeleke Z. Reproductive Performance of Crossbred Dairy Cows in Eastern lowlands of Ethiopia. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 2007; 19, Article #161 from http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd19/11/mure19161.htm.
     Google Scholar
  47. Habtamu L Kelay, B Sheferaw D 2010 Study on the reproductive performance of Jersey cows at Wolaita Sodo dairy farm, Southern Ethiopia, Ethiopia Veterinary Journal, 2010; 14 (1): 53-70.
     Google Scholar
  48. Bekana M. Major Reproductive problems and Reproductive performance in state owned DebreZeit farm. In Proceedings of the joint ISP/IPAR Seminar on Animal Reproduction for African countries. ILCA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 1998; pp 7-9.
     Google Scholar
  49. Gosh D. K. Economic traits of crossbred cattle in the small dairy enterprise of Gazipur District. M.Sc. Thesis. Dept. of Physiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.1995 Pp 89.
     Google Scholar
  50. Marongiu M. L., Molle G., SanJuan L., Bomboi G., Ligios. Effects of feeding level before and after calving, and restricted suckling frequency on postpartum reproductive and productive performance of Sarda and Charolais × Sarda beef cows. Livestock Production Science, 2002;77(2-3): 339-348.
     Google Scholar
  51. Bhagat R.L. and Gokhal S. B. Factors affecting conception rate in cows under field condition. Indian J. Dairy Science, 1999;52: 298–302.
     Google Scholar