Morphogenetic Response of Assorted Rice Genotypes to Salinity in Tanzania



Abstract Views
314

Downloads
285

Citations

Share

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##

Submitted Apr 28, 2022
Published Sep 19, 2022
10.24018/ejfood.2022.4.5.504

Abstract viewed = 314 times

Table of Contents

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

Salinity, where salts concentrate on the soil surface causing severe decline of crop yields, is a worldwide problem. In Tanzania salinity is one of the major soil degradation challenges affecting over 3.5 million hectares limiting agriculture productivity of various crops including rice. Most of the varieties grown are sensitive to salts and inadequate tolerant cultivars available in the country. A hydroponics mass screening technique using Yoshinda Solution was used to test the 102 genotypes in NaCl- saline treated and non-treated solution at Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute (TARI-Dakawa Centre). Different salt concentrations (4 dSm-1, 6 dSm-1, 8 dSm-1 and 10 dSm) were used and the experiment was done in three replications. The genotypic variability for salinity tolerance was observed as less salt injury symptoms, low Na+ accumulation and Na+/K+ ratio in plant tissues and high biomass accumulation (fresh weight and dry weight). Results revealed further those 28 genotypes (28.45%) out of 102 showed tolerance to salinity, at high salinity level of 10dSm-1. Lines namely SR35266-2-18-2-1, SR35250-1-19-1-1, SR23364-128-1762-1-HV-1-1, SR35230-1-12-1-1, SR23364-128-1986-1-HV-1-1, SR34590-HB3433-4-1-1, SR35266-2-7-1-1, PBR1000922-1 and SR34053 (#5-52)-1-4-2-10-3-3 showed high performance under high salt conditions. Others includes SR35266-3-1-5-1, SR34574-2-10-3-1-2-1, SR35278-2-10-1-1, SR35250-2-3-1-1, SR35266-3-2-3-1, SR35266-3-2-4-1, SR23364-133-184-1-HV-1-1, SR34592-HB-1-HV-1, and SR34042F3-22-1-1-5-3 indicated tolerance to salt and had high dry matter as well. All the genotypes had increased levels of Na+ and differential performance was observed in some genotypes under saline and non-saline conditions. Among these three lines namely SR35266-2-7-1-1, SR23364-128-1762-1-HV-1-1, and SR34590- HB3433-4-1-1expressed high dilution ability as the K+ and Na+ concentrations were lower compared to other genotypes. The study, therefore, suggests that the lines can be used in breeding programs to develop varieties with potential to salt tolerance and other traits.

Keywords: Genotypes, Hydroponics, K and Na Concentrations, Salinity.

References

  1. Bado S, Forster BP, Ghanim AMA, Jankowicz-Cieslak J, Berthold G, Luxiang L. Protocol for Screening for Salt Tolerance in Rice. In: Protocols for Pre-Field Screening of Mutants for Salt Tolerance in Rice, Wheat and Barley. Springer, Cham, 2016, pp. 21-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26590-2_4
     Google Scholar
  2. Baloch AW, Soomro AM, Javed MA, Bughio HUR, Alam SM, Bughio MS, Mastoi NUN, et al. Induction of Salt Tolerance in Rice Through Mutation Breeding. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 2003; 2(3): 273–276. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2003.273.276
     Google Scholar
  3. Duangjai S, Nopporn S, Apichart V, Theerayut T. Screening and Selection for Physiological Characters Contributing to Salinity Tolerance in Rice. Kasetsart J. Nat. Sci., 2005; 39: 174-185.
     Google Scholar
  4. Heni S, Bambang SP, Iswari SD, Sintho WA. Salinity tolerance of several rice genotypes at seedling stage. Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science, December 2017; 18(2): 63–68. DOI: http//dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v.18. n2.2017.p.63–68.
     Google Scholar
  5. Hussain HA, Men S, Hussain S, Chen Y, Ali S, Zhang S, et al. Interactive effects of drought and heat stresses on morpho-physiological attributes, yield, nutrient uptake, and oxidative status in maize hybrids. Sci. Rep., 2019; 9: 1–12. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-40362-7
     Google Scholar
  6. Kadigi IL, Mutabazi KD, Philip D, Richardson JW, Bizimana JC, Mbungu W, Sieber S, et al. An Economic Comparison between Alternative Rice Farming Systems in Tanzania Using a Monte Carlo Simulation Approach. Sustainability, 2020; 12(16): 6528. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166528
     Google Scholar
  7. Reddy INBL, Kim BK, Yoon IS, Kim KH, Kwon TR. Salt Tolerance in Rice: Focus on Mechanisms and Approaches. Rice Science, 2017; 24(3): 123–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsci.2016.09.004
     Google Scholar
  8. Kashenge-Killenga, S, Tongoona P, Derera J. Morphological and physiological responses of Tanzania rice genotypes under saline condition and evaluation of traits associated with stress tolerance. International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 2013; 2(2): 1457-1475.
     Google Scholar
  9. Kashenge-Killenga S, Meliyo J, Urassa G, Kongo V. Extent of salt affected soils and their effects in irrigated and lowland rain-fed rice growing areas of Southwestern Tanzania. In Climate Change and Multi-dimensional sustainability in African Agriculture, Springer International Publishing AG, 2016, 97-126.
     Google Scholar
  10. Kakar N, Jumaa SH, Redoña ED. Evaluating rice for salinity using pot-culture provides a systematic tolerance assessment at the seedling stage. Rice, 2019; 12: 57. DOI:10.1186/s12284-019-0317-7.
     Google Scholar
  11. Kordrostami M, Rabiei B, Hassani-Kumleh H. Biochemical, physiological, and molecular evaluation of rice cultivars differing in salt tolerance at the seedling stage. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 2017; 23(3), 529–544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-017-0440-0.
     Google Scholar
  12. Krishnamurthy L, Serraj R, Hash Jr C, Dakheel A, Reddy B. Screening sorghum genotypes for salinity tolerant biomass production. Euphytica. 2007; 156: 15-24. DOI: 10.1007/s10681-006-9343-9.
     Google Scholar
  13. Ma NL, Che-Lah WA, Abd. Kadir N, Mustaqim M, Rahmat Z, Ahmad A, Ismail MR, et al. Susceptibility and tolerance of rice crop to salt threat: Physiological and metabolic inspections. PLOS ONE, 2018; 13(2), e0192732. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192732.
     Google Scholar
  14. Meliyo J, Kashenge-Killenga S, Kongo V, Mfupe B, Hiza S, Luzi-Kihupi A, Boman, B, Dick W. Evaluation of Salt Affected Soils for Rice (Oryza Sativa) Production in Ndungu Irrigation Scheme Same District, Tanzania. Sustainable Agriculture Research, 2016; 6(1): 24. DOI: 10.5539/sar. v6n1p24.
     Google Scholar
  15. Singh RK, Kota S, Flowers TJ. Salt tolerance in rice: seedling and reproductive stage QTL mapping come of age. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2021; 134(11): 3495–3533. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-021-03890-3.
     Google Scholar
  16. Shamsunnahar M, Sumon MH, Khondoker MN, Mirza MI. Screening of rice landraces of coastal areas for salt tolerance at seedling stage using molecular markers. Asian J. Biotechnol., 2017; 9: 71-79.
     Google Scholar
  17. Ali MN, Yeasmin L, Gantait S, Goswami R, Chakraborty S. Screening of rice landraces for salinity tolerance at seedling stage through morphological and molecular markers. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 2014; 20(4): 411–423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-014-0250-6.
     Google Scholar
  18. Hariadi YC, Nurhayati AY, Soeparjono S, Arif I. Screening Six Varieties of Rice (Oryzasativa) for Salinity Tolerance. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2015; 28: 78–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2015.07.012.
     Google Scholar
  19. Zeng L, Shannon M, Grieve C. Evaluation of salt tolerance in rice genotypes by multiple agronomic parameters. Euphytica, 2002; 127: 235–245. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020262932277.
     Google Scholar
  20. Gregorio G, Senadhira D, Mendoza R. Screening Rice for Salinity Tolerance. IRRI Discussion Paper Series No. 1997; 22.
     Google Scholar
  21. Yoshida S, Forno DA, Cock JH, Gomez KA. (1976). Laboratory Manual for Physiological Studies of Rice (3rd ed.). Manila, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute.
     Google Scholar
  22. Chen CL, van der Schoot H, Dehghan S, Alvim Kamei CL, Schwarz KU, Meyer H, van der Linden CG, et al. Genetic Diversity of Salt Tolerance in Miscanthus. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2017; 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00187.
     Google Scholar
  23. Egnin M, Mora A, Prakash CS. Factors enhancingAgrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 1998; 34(4): 310–318. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02822740.
     Google Scholar